Battleground Baptist Church and neighboring shotgun-style houses, Fazendeville, Louisiana, 1960Ī simpler theory is that they are the typical one-room-deep floor plan popular in the rural south, rotated to accommodate narrow city lots. The style was definitely built there by 1832, though there is evidence that houses sold in the 1830s were built 15 to 20 years earlier. The shotgun house was popularized in New Orleans, and, as Fred Kniffen documented in a statewide survey of Louisiana house types in the 1930s, the greatest number are found dispersed from there in a manner that supports the diffusion theory. Many surviving Haitian dwellings of the period, including about 15 percent of the housing stock of Port-au-Prince, resemble the single shotgun houses of New Orleans. As many of both the builders and inhabitants were Africans by way of Haiti, Vlach maintained it was only natural they modeled the new homes after ones they left behind in their homeland. By 1810 blacks outnumbered whites 10,500 to 4,500.
LOUISIANA SHOTGUN STYLE HOUSE LAYOUT PLANS FREE
In 1803 there were 1,355 free blacks in the city. Vlach's theory behind the earlier African origin is tied to the history of New Orleans. Citing Vlach, James Deetz claimed archaeological support for an African origin in his dig at Parting Ways, a 1790s community of freed black slaves in Plymouth, Massachusetts his shotgun interpretation of the extremely limited evidence – two rooms that "may or may not have been unified" – has been challenged as "premature". The description, probably used in New Orleans by Afro-Haitian slaves, may have been misunderstood and reinterpreted as "shotgun". Vlach claimed the name may have originated from a Dahomey Fon area term 'to-gun', which means "place of assembly".
Īlternatively, folklorist and professor John Michael Vlach has suggested that the origin of the building style and the name itself may trace back to Haiti and Africa during the 18th century and earlier. He also stated that the term " shotgun" is a reference to the idea that if all the doors are opened, a shotgun blast fired into the house from the front doorway will fly cleanly to the other end and out at the back.
influentially suggested that shotgun-style houses originated in the Creole suburbs ( faubourgs) of New Orleans in the early 1800s. New Orleans architectural historian Samuel Wilson, Jr. The portion of the Third Ward of Houston, Texas north of Truxillo has many shotgun shacks A single shotgun in Avalon, Mississippi, was the house of Mississippi John Hurt, now a museum. The origins of both the term and the architectural form and development of the shotgun house are controversial, even more so in the wake of conflicting preservation and redevelopment efforts since Hurricane Katrina. In cities, shotgun houses were built close together for a variety of reasons. History Shotgun houses in Louisville, Kentucky. In some cases the entire floor plan is changed during remodeling to create hallways.
"Camelback" shotgun houses include a second floor at the rear of the house. "Double-barrel" or "double" shotgun houses are a semi-detached configuration, consisting of two houses sharing a central wall, allowing more houses to be fit into an area. The oldest shotgun houses were built without indoor plumbing, which was often added later, often on the back of the house, sometimes crudely. Several variations of shotgun houses allow for additional features and space, and many have been updated to the needs of later generations of owners. Urban renewal has led to the destruction of many shotgun houses however, in areas affected by gentrification, historic preservation efforts have led to the renovation of such houses. Though initially as popular with the middle class as with the poor, the shotgun house became a symbol of poverty in the mid-20th century. Alternative names include shotgun shack, shotgun hut, shotgun cottage, and in the case of a multihome dwelling, shotgun apartment the design is similar to that of railroad apartments.Ī longstanding theory is that the style can be traced from Africa to Saint Dominican influences on house design in New Orleans, but the houses can be found as far away as Key West and Ybor City in Florida, and Texas, and as far north as Chicago, Illinois.
It was the most popular style of house in the Southern United States from the end of the American Civil War (1861–65) through the 1920s. Shotgun house in the Fifth Ward neighborhood of Houston, Texas, 1973, as pictured in a photo by Danny Lyon.Ī shotgun house is a narrow rectangular domestic residence, usually no more than about 12 feet (3.5 m) wide, with rooms arranged one behind the other and doors at each end of the house. Shotgun houses consist of three to five rooms in a row with no hallways and have a narrow, rectangular structure. John neighborhood shortly after Hurricane Katrina. Narrow rectangular domestic residence A modest shotgun house in New Orleans's Bayou St.
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